International Business- Global Chocolate Wars Between Mars...

Global Chocolate Wars between Mars and Ferrero In the field of internationalization of business, entrepreneurs are required to think globally and have an understanding of international culture. Entrepreneurs need the ability to understand different values, beliefs, behaviors and business strategies of different businesses within other countries in order to be successful in internationalization of business. Mars and Ferrero are two world-leading food manufacturers, especially confectionary products. This essay aims to analysis Mars and Ferrero in terms of internationalization and discuss some of the key success factors that has transformed both companies into a truly international group. Both companies have approached different strategies†¦show more content†¦Hence, a diversified business operation insulates business risk. However, despite both companies having a well-diversified product portfolio, one can observe that there are some differences between the two in terms of their products. As mentioned above, Mars has been extending their main product line – chocolate and introducing new product lines by penetrating into new industries (e.g. drinks, petcare, nutritious products). Moreover, Mars also penetrated into the chewing gum industry by acquiring Wrigley in 2008, one of the leading confectionery companies in the world with a wide product range. This acquisition, being one of the key success factors of Mars, strengthened and diversified Mars’ confectionery business, as well as increased its growth potential in the chocolate, non-chocolate confectionery and gum categories. Since Wrigley has worldwide presence, this acquisition enabled the company to expand its operations and increase its market presence. Furthermore, Wrigley’s leading position and strong brand portfolio enabled Mars to become one of the world’s leading chewing gum manufacturers. Ferrero, however, has been mainly focusing on extending their main product line – Chocolate and did not diversify their products in the same way as Mars did. Hence, based on these observations, one can deduce that Mars isShow MoreRelatedPorter’s Five Forces Model9308 Words   |  38 Pagesindicate which is the appropriate strategy in our case. In addition a wide range of tables, graphs and charts are included in order to support our thesis and indicate the existing data in relation to chocolate industry. History âž ¢ The first piece of information concerning the civilization of chocolate trees mentions that it begun during Magias’ civilization around 600 A.D. âž ¢ Atzekoi used the fruits of cacao, after the firstly rubbed them and transformed them into powder for the preparationRead MoreMunchee9057 Words   |  37 PagesTo : CEO From : Suject: Munchee IMC plan for South East Asia Date Brief background on CBL (Munchee) It was the visionary Mr Mineka Wickramasingha in 1960 who wanted to expand his family business from the chocolate market. It was at the same time that CARE looked at sources of nourishment for the poverty stricken. It was a substitute of a biscuit that Mr Wickramasinghe proposed looking to expand on those lines. At that time the market leaders were Maliban. They were the ones who wereRead MoreChocolate Industry8116 Words   |  33 PagesContents Titles 1. Introduction 2. Objective 3. Research Methodology 4. Chocolate Industry 5. Chocolate in a Bloom 6. Chocolate Industry in India 7. Major Players 8. Amul 9. Nestle 10. Cadbury 11. SWOT analysis of Cadbury 12. Market Segmentation 13. Psychographics and Demographics 14. Product Positioning 15. Product Market Boundary 16. Price Sensitivity 17. Consumer Buying Behaviour 14. Industry Structure and Dynamics 15. The Rural Conundrum 16. Key Success Factors 17. Product

Climate Change The Great Meltdown - 1264 Words

Climate Change: The Great Meltdown Vladimir Nikitin English for ESL learners Mr. Berryman 16 March 2015 Introduction Definition It’s commonly said that climate is what you expect; weather is what you get. Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a certain moment in certain location while climate is an average of the weather throughout the years. Even though that statement is true for the atmosphere, climate is more complicated than that. It also involves the biosphere and hydrosphere of the Earth. â€Å"Climate change refers to any significant change in the measure of climate for an extended period of time.† (http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basics/). This means that averages of climate are based on hundreds, thousands of years of data and the fact that it has been changing so rapidly means that something is out of balance. That something is the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide that has been increasing since the Industrial Revolution. Opinions There are two main opinions about the causes of climate change: anthropogenic and natural. Those who say it’s man-made (anthropogenic) are convinced that CO2 emissions are the main reason for the temperature’s rise. The other side of the argument is trying to prove that the process is cyclical and has always been occurring. Public’s opinions vary according to Figure 1. In all of the countries presented, however, the percentage of population that believes climate change is anthropogenic is higher than of those who think otherwise.Show MoreRelatedClimate Change : A Major Issue For Life On Earth1690 Words   |  7 PagesClimate change has been a major issue for life on earth for a long time. Climate change is the changes in the climate of the earth brought on by human activities that affect the content of our atmosphere. Climate change is affected by the greenhouse gas emissions of humans and animals. 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Global warming will influence and/or cause heat waves, polar ice caps melting, flooding, extinction, and droughts. Social, Historic and Intellectual Context of the Study The existing research literature suggests that global warming is going to greatly affect the Earth’s climate. Global warming is defined as an increase in the earths atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predictedRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On Marine Ecosystems1504 Words   |  7 Pagesnetworks. Even small changes might have big consequences due to positive feedback chains. Many recent changes are caused by climate change. Set in motion by the industrial revolution in the 19th Century levels of CO2 have been constantly rising and so have global temperatures, sea level and ocean temperatures. In this essay I will talk about several impacts of climate change in marine ecosystems such as rising sea temperature, changing sea levels, decrease of sea-ice, changes in salinity, different

The White Balloon Essay Example For Students

The White Balloon Essay T h e W h i t e B a l l o o nMoiz BhinderwalaI. Give a short summary of the film in which you tell: where and when the story takes place who the main characters are ? protagonists and antagonists how their lives are affected by the culture they are inThe story is set in a modern Tehran ? just two hours before the start of the traditional Persian New Year -the first day of spring, March 21st, is New Years Day in Iran. The whole story revolves around Raziah, a determined seven-year-old girl who wants nothing more than a certain beautiful goldfish to decorate her familys house for the New Year- (the first day of spring, March 21st, is New Years Day in Iran) Though its tough to convey the excitement of such a simple plot in words, her quest for the fish is surprisingly moving. This is partly because the adorable Raziah, who shouts all her lines, is so utterly appealing; and partly because the market of Tehran, where she ventures out to buy the fish with her mothers money (under strict in structions to bring back change). seems like no place for a little girl to be wandering by herself ? (underlines the fact about restriction on women in this culture)A sense of threat accompanies Raziah on her journey. First, some snake charmers a bunch of men that she has been warned not to look at, by her parents manage to separate the seven-year-old from her note. With the help of her sturdy vocal chords she manages to get the money back, only to lose it again. Theres a subtle feeling that Raziah might be paddled by her parents if she doesnt get her money back her brother, who convinced their mother to give his sister the money in the first place, shows up at one point with a black eye. The adults who surround the two children cant seem to understand how dire it is that they get their money back, but the kids themselves are quite certain of the gravity of their task. With earnest concentration, they try a variety of techniques to retrieve the bank note that has fallen through a grating into a cellar. Her search to recover the cash becomes intertwined with the lives of vendors, merchants, an indignant tailor, a friendly soldier on leave far from home, an Afghan refugee selling balloons and Raziahs own brother. The film takes place in real time, heightening the sense of living inside a childs world. Though the adults cant understand how important it is for Raziah to get her goldfish or to retrieve her money, it becomes very clear to us that these are matters of immense importance. The White Balloon conveys that deep, even timeless, childhood feeling of being thwarted at something you really want, of how something like a bowl of goldfish can be a life-or-death matter!The movie also brings out the various aspects of the Iranian Moslem culture in which the plot is set. The very fact that Raziahs parents warn her of places that girls are not supposed to go ? indicates that in this culture there are restrictions on girls with regards to entertainment. The scene where Raziah engages into talk with the friendly soldier, she is shown re-arranging her dress time and again, this also points out the strict dress code that women in this culture are supposed to stick to. II. As an anthropologist you are trying to understand this culture based on what you have seen in this film. What differences are there between your culture and the culture presented in the film?I come from India, which shares an Asian culture with Iran. Moreover since my religion is Islam which is the same as the one of all the characters in the movie, it is difficult to me to narrow down the differences between my culture and the culture portrayed in the movie. However, the one differences that I noticed between the two cultures, in the movie was the dress code. Women in Iran are supposed to follow a strict dress code in which they wear longer dresses so as to cover their hands and legs, and are supposed to cover their hair at all times. In the modern Indian culture there are similar rules, but they are not as strict. Women dont necessarily have to cover their hair with cloth at all times. Even mens clothing, as shown in the movie is different. -What are the major values of this culture? The major values of this culture are as followsFestivals, Occasions : We see that in this movie on the occasion of New year, people wear new clothes, friends and families exchange gifts, distribute sweetmeats get together and celebrate. People even save their money to buy gifts for their relatives and friends, like Raziahs mother does. People get new clothes stitched for such occasions. Social relationships: I also saw that on occasions like New Year, the people of this culture exchange gifts, they even save up their money to buy gifts for their friends and relatives, which goes to show that social relationships between people are very important in this culture. Trust: In the movie, in various scenes, the helpful nature of the people is very evident. In one of the beginning scenes, where one of the neighbors kids comes and asks Raziahs mother for a goldfish for their new year decorations, Raziahs mother trusts him and allows him to take the goldfish for free. Which shows the trust that exists between neighbors in this culture. Another account where trust between people is evident, is when the shop-keeper of the fish-shop tells Raziah that she could bring in the money later and still take one of the goldfishes. Helpful nature: In other scenes where Raziah is still trying to recover her lost note, an old lady helps Raziah out by listening to her problem, she then comf orts Raziah, helps her in finding the note. As the story progresses, the shop-owner of the shop right next to the shop in whose cellar Raziahs note has fallen down, helps Raziah too. He attempts to get the note from the cellar for her, then in a later scene, even lends Raziah and her brother the metal rod (used for closing down shutters of shop) so that they can try removing the note with the help of the hook at the end of the rod. Then even, after the unsuccessful attempts of Raziah and her brother to remove the note from the cellar, the shop-owner also gives her brother the address of the person who owned the shop where Raziahs note had fallen. The shop-owner of the shop in whose cellar Raziahs note had dropped also does his bit for helping Raziah and her brother out. On being approached by Raziahs brother at his home, he gets ready and comes from his home to his shop to open his shop just so that the two kids can recover their lost note. Role of men and women in society: The movie portrays a poor household, to which Raziah belongs. Her father seems to be very strict. In the beginning scene, when her father is in the shower, he asks his son to get a shampoo bottle. When as a mistake, his son brings soap instead, the father is furious. He throws the soap out of the window. This can be interpreted as that the men in this culture have the liberty of exhibiting such anger. It could also mean that just Raziahs father as an individual is a bad-tempered person. This shows the dominance of males in this society. Seeing her husbands anger, Raziahs mother, doesnt get angry nor does she fight with her husband or retaliate for behaving that way, instead she gives her son some money to go and get the correct shampoo this time. This could mean two things that either just Raziahs mother as an individual has good temperament or it could mean that women in Iran are not supposed to argue or raise their voice against their husbands- they are just supposed to follow orders- in which case it would mean that this is an accepted pattern of behavior in this culture. Legalize marijuana EssayRespect for elders: In the movie, in the scene where the elderly tailor argues with his customer about the stitching of a shirt, it can be sensed that the elder person has more command in the argument. Which shows that the people of this culture value age and experience of people a lot. Laws: Another account of the bad temper that Raziahs father shows is the scene where Raziahs brother is shown with a black eye. Which means that he was hit by his father for some mistake that he committed. Which also brings forth another aspect of childrens rights! It shows that there arent many rules governing child abuse in that culture. What is the source of conflict in this film? This story brings out the underlined facts about the lives of children and the anxieties of everyday life which sometimes lead to conflicts between their desires and the reality of life. In The White Balloon the source of conflict is a little girls desperate desire for a plump goldfish. The little girl- Raziah somehow with the help of her brother wheedles her mother into giving her money for buying the goldfish. She is also instructed strictly to bring back the remaining change of money, since the money given to her was a huge amount in the form of a currency note. Raziah loses the note in a cellar of a shop on her way to the goldfish shop. Which leads to anxious moments for her and her brother, who desperately need the note to return it to their parents. How is the conflict resolved?Once Raziah gets her money back, she rushes to the goldfish store to buy the goldfish. The movie ends right there. It is not shown if she really buys the chubby goldfish or the skinny one. But the conflict is certainly resolved, when her desire to get the goldfish is fulfilled. Because now she no more faces any anxiety or fear of not getting to buy the goldfish. Who has the most power or prestige in this culture? Why?In this particular culture, men have the most power and prestige whereas children have the least, especially girl children have the least privileges. In this culture men have the most power and prestige. It is clearly evident in the beginning scene where Raziahs father is furious with his sons mistake. It clearly shows the privilege that men have when it comes to showing anger. But Raziahs mother does not seem to have any such privileges?Power and prestige rests more with elder men than it does younger men in this culture. This can be seen in the scene where the elder shop-keeper argues with his young customer about his shirt. Finally the young man has to give in. It is also evident in the rules that Raziah has to stick to about not going to certain places like seeing the snake-charmers act, going to the marketplace alone. Her mother says that it is not an appropriate place for girls to be- which means that males have more privileges over females, in this particular culture. Then again, women are restricted through their dress codes. In the scene with Raziah and the friendly soldier, Raziah keeps straightening her frock, this clearly shows the rules that have been inculcated in her mind, even at the age of seven! Although Raziah does, she does not have the privilege of wearing her new dress until new year celebrations in their family.

Suevival of ryanair in the airline industry an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Suevival of ryanair in the airline industry The focal point of this paper is to prepare a report on the successful survival of Ryanair in the airline industry or the strategies implemented by the company that enabled them to compete with top airlines like British airways and Aer Lingus. It can be stated in the very initial stage that the strategy taken by the Ryan brothers surely made money at the 98 fare that they propose and for valid reasons. It can be stated that the airline launched by the Ryan Brothers by the name Ryanair is basically a low cost economic airline and this helped the company to make a decisive entry in the airline market with relative ease fighting the greater potential and market penetration of bigger players like British airways and Aer Lingus.(King, 2003, 31) Need essay sample on "Suevival of ryanair in the airline industry" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The Ryan brothers publicized in the month pf April 1986 that they were about to launch an air service between London and Dublin. This was the first time that their airline was about to face competition and steep rivalry from two fellow airlines that were operating on the same route. These airlines were British Airways and Aer Lingus. This was because this route was a very busy route and thus this Irish airline by the Ryan brothers was subjected to face difficult oppositions. The best possible strategy for countering this competition was based on a movement the supported a low cost economic fare structure. The 98 fare structure was to make money because the initial infrastructure of this airline lacked huge overhead costs generally incurred by an established airline company like British Airways and Aer Lingus. (Kar, 2006, 188) Undergraduates Very Often Tell Us:I'm not in the mood to write my essay now. I don't have the timeEssay writer professionals recommend:Get Your Essay Before The DeadlineBuy An Essay Online Buy Essays Cheap Online Service Collage Papers For Sale Legitimate Essay Writing Services This was more relevant because the move of economic fare structure was based on the strategy that it was indented to make an entry into an already populated route of air service between London and Dublin with established competitors like British Airways and Aer Lingus. This was the best possible method of penetrating the market by luring the customers with extremely low fare. It is obvious that the 98 fare structure would yield profit because it would have two specific advantages along with being about 50% to 90% lower rate than its competitors.(Fletcher, 2003, 56-57) First, with the lower fare system the company was able to attract better amount of customers and thus was able to penetrate the market which is expectedly advantageous for the long run and secondly, with lower cost infrastructure like lower number of employees the company was able to sustain its position and plough back profit margin in a gradual manner. (Rivkin, 1986, 7) The cost advantage of this company can be enumer ated as follows: (Bhagavan, 2003, 18) On the other hand it was surely proved to be costly for Aer Lingus and British Airways to retaliate against Ryanair's entry into the market rather than accommodate it. The Ryanair was to make an entry with a recognizable stamp with their extremely low fare in the market of populated route of air service between London and Dublin surely it would be a challenge for company like British Airways and Aer Lingus to confront it. These present carriers were to respond in a positive approach to counter the advent of this new market entry. It is easily anticipated that the existing company were in a position to allow any substantial price cut to compete with this new entrant in the field of fare structure because Ryanair was already offering a rock bottom fare and price would not be made possible to drop further for British Airways and Aer Lingus. However, the existing companies British Airways and Aer Lingus were to cut prices at least for an eye wash to make a substantial impact on the custo mers impression. Never the less, even this eyewash was to prove costly because for long serving companies like British Airways it is obvious that the cost analysis and the fiscal balance would be demanding for the two companies. With a huge infrastructure and great number of employees it was certainly be difficult for these two companies to cope with the initial coup. (Lamb, 2004, 225-226) The overall assessment of Ryanair's launch strategy is clear and absolutely effective. Ryanairs basic intention was to penetrate an already populated air market. This was risky but profitable if successful. Secondly, Ryanair was trying to access into the existing customer strata of Aer Lingus and British Airways. Thirdly, Ryanair was trying to create a new breed of passengers with its economy price structure. The fourth point enumerates that the new airline company Ryanair was confident enough about sustaining with this price structure. The fifth point could be enumerated as an aggressive market planning as Ryanair was trying to drive away the existing airline companies from having the prime market share of the industry that were already successful in the said field. Next it could be mentioned that Ryanair was looking for a long term market goal and thereby is ready to sacrifice short term profit. It is also true that the company Ryanair was looking for the business traveller section of the market segment which is logical for this specific route. Lastly it could be stated that Ryanair was scheduling itself as a point to point service provider which is logical for a low priced agency. (Lamb, 2004, 231-32) At this point it would be relevant to mention the response of Aer Lingus and British Airways to counter the advent of Ryanair. Firstly, Aer Lingus and British Airways looked for a price cut to negate the advantage of Ryaair, next, these two companies advertised heavily and banked more on reliability, comfort and class along with incorporating extra services like better food or beverage for example. British Airways installed better security services and a virtually risk free flight for the passengers. British Airways also incorporated better mode of frequency of flight. Alongside these measures British Airways also provided loyalty rewards for the customers. (Dollard, 1999, 79-81) But it was seen that in spite of huge amount of changes in part of infrastructure from the point of view of these two established airline, especially British Airways, Ryanair was proved to be undaunted by these facts and they became one of the most successful airline services of all time depending on their strategy of economic travel principals. The case study of Ryanair has become an icon for students and teachers alike and continues to be a successful model in the parameters of industrial and management success formulations. This specific case study remains to this day as a ground breaking approach in the world of business studies where a high valued industry like airline business is penetrated mainly on the aspects of low priced and economic fare structures. (Dos, 2006, 178) Reference: Rivkin, Jan W; Dogfight over Europe: Ryanair (A); HBSP; Harvard Business School Publishing; Ref: 9-700-115; 1986 Bhagavan, Mukund. Ertekin, Oguz. Geijerman, Peter Budget Airlines Ryanair; High Technology Entrepreneurship 2003; retrieved on 25.03.07 Dos, M; Future of Management Thought Process; Alliance Publications. 2006 Dollard, John; Business Aggression; New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1999 Fletcher, R; Beliefs and Knowledge: Believing and Knowing; Howard & Price. 2003 Kar, P; History of Pacific and Atlantic Airline; Dasgupta 2006 King, H; Management Today; HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2003 Lamb, Davis; Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata; National Book Trust. 2004